Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)

Dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia — we might have come across these terms from time to time.
Are they somewhat similar? Well, they do fall under an umbrella term known as specific learning disorders (SLDs).
But what exactly are their distinctions?

Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia refers to impairments in written expression, typically observed from spelling accuracy, grammar, punctuation accuracy, and/or clarity or organisation of written expression.

*Often co-occurs with dyslexia, as both involve similar set of skills.

Individuals with Dysgraphia face difficulties analyzing sounds, syllables and meaningful word parts with limited phonemic awareness, leading to:

Ψ Difficulties in grammar, making multiple grammatical or punctuation errors within sentences, and these errors significantly interfere with daily activities or academic pursuits.

Ψ Difficulties in clarity and organization, like poor paragraph organisation or unclear written expression of ideas.

Ψ Difficulties in written expression, including challenges managing tasks that require eye-hand coordination, despite normal gross motor development.

How do I support a child with Dysgraphia?

It helps to start a culture of writing at home. Encourage them to voice out ideas and thoughts to aid in developing ideas without being slowed down by the process of writing. Write down their thoughts as they speak and subsequently help them refine and clarify these thoughts. Let them know that they have good ideas that can be captured in writing, and that writing is a good way for them to organise these ideas.

Also try developing a narrative with your child. Start a conversation with them and ask them questions that keep them going. Encourage them to use transition words and ask themselves how, why, what and then. You should also explain your own thought processes whenever appropriate. This will teach them how you arrived at a conclusion and they can model after you – social learning theory at work!